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C Strings are nothing but array of characters ended with null character (‘\0’).
- This null character indicates the end of the string.
- Strings are always enclosed by double quotes. Whereas, character is enclosed by single quotes in C.
Example for C string:
- char string[20] = {‘f’, ’r’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘h’, ‘2’, ‘r’, ‘e’, ‘f’, ’r’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘h’, ‘\0’};
(or) - char string[20] = “fresh2refresh”;
(or) - char string [] = “fresh2refresh”;
- Difference between above declarations are, when we declare char as “string[20]”, 20 bytes of memory space is allocated for holding the string value.
- When we declare char as “string[]”, memory space will be allocated as per the requirement during execution of the program.
Example program for C string:
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#include <stdio.h> int main () { char string[20] = "fresh2refresh.com"; printf("The string is : %s \n", string ); return 0; } |
Output:
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The string is : fresh2refresh.com
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C String functions:
- String.h header file supports all the string functions in C language. All the string functions are given below.
- Click on each string function name below for detail description and example programs.
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String functions
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Description
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| strcat ( ) | Concatenates str2 at the end of str1 |
| strncat ( ) | Appends a portion of string to another |
| strcpy ( ) | Copies str2 into str1 |
| strncpy ( ) | Copies given number of characters of one string to another |
| strlen ( ) | Gives the length of str1 |
| strcmp ( ) | Returns 0 if str1 is same as str2. Returns <0 if strl < str2. Returns >0 if str1 > str2 |
| strcmpi ( ) | Same as strcmp() function. But, this function negotiates case. “A” and “a” are treated as same. |
| strchr ( ) | Returns pointer to first occurrence of char in str1 |
| strrchr ( ) | last occurrence of given character in a string is found |
| strstr ( ) | Returns pointer to first occurrence of str2 in str1 |
| strrstr ( ) | Returns pointer to last occurrence of str2 in str1 |
| strdup ( ) | Duplicates the string |
| strlwr ( ) | Converts string to lowercase |
| strupr ( ) | Converts string to uppercase |
| strrev ( ) | Reverses the given string |
| strset ( ) | Sets all character in a string to given character |
| strnset ( ) | It sets the portion of characters in a string to given character |
| strtok ( ) | Tokenizing given string using delimiter |